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By publishing rules of games, I am not suggesting that there is a single "correct" way to play each game. Most card games have a large number of minor variations and house rules - to play successfully, it is only necessary that the players should all agree on the rules at the start of a session. Where possible, I try to make sure that the rules given here are "authentic" - the aim is that they should correspond to the way regular players of the game actually play it. If there are significant variations, I try to include these as options. For games with official organisations and rules, official rules may be given, but unofficial alternative versions may also be included.
The main focus is on publishing rules of traditional card games for two or more players. I use the term traditional card games to distinguish them from
For traditional multi-player card games, I estimate that the site so far covers at most 30% to 50% of the card games that exist, depending on how you count variations, so there is plenty more work to be done, and all help is gratefully received. Originally I intended to focus on games which were hard to find elsewhere - for example in the widely available books about card games - but there turned out also to be a demand for pages on well-known games such as Bridge, Poker and Canasta, so these have been included as well. The mix of material which is now on the site has been influenced by the contributions people have offered me, by the questions I have been asked, and by my own personal tastes. There is plenty of information on other card games, but it does take time to edit it and produce it in electronic form.
Although I am not actively developing the sections on commercial, solitaire and invented games, I am happy to receive material about these, which will be placed in separate sections of the site.
The site does not carry detailed information on collectible card games (trading card games). This is not to suggest that there is anything wrong with these games - just that they are outside the scope of this site.
The site does not provide on-line games, nor does it generally carry computer software for downloading. I will however put in links to other sites which do carry on-line card games or downloadable card games software if people tell me about them.
I try to answer all reasonable e-mail, but please make sure you include a valid e-mail address for me to reply to. I have had several offers of help from people to whom I cannot respond, because the address in their e-mail does not work. In particular, if you send me mail from your WWW browser, for example using one of the mail links at the foot of pages on the site, please make sure you have configured your browser to show your correct e-mail address.
Here is how you can help me make this site even better.
You are welcome to refer to information on this web site by making hypertext links to any page of the site. I will aim to keep page moves to a minimum, and when a move is necessary I will always leave a link at the old address of the page.
If you prefer to use a graphic link, you may use copies of any of the following and link them to http://www.pagat.com
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Except where otherwise explicitly stated all material on this site is copyright © John McLeod - date as given at the bottom of each page. Pages are not to be copied or reproduced in any format without permission.
Because of an exclusive arrangement with pokerstars.com, pagat.com is currently unable to accept any new advertisements or renewals. Existing ads will be allowed to run to the end of their prepaid period.
We are committed to protecting the privacy of Internet users. In the process of delivering pages, the Card Games site does not automatically collect any personally identifiable information about visitors such as name, address, phone number, or e-mail address. However, we do obtain some types of non-personally identifiable information such as the the IP address from which you connect to the site, your browser type, or the type of computer operating system you use (Macintosh or Windows, for example). This information is used to assemble statistics about the use of the Card Games site, such as the popularity of different pages, the number of different visitors and their approximate geographic distribution.
Certain pages may request additional personal information. If you choose to provide such information we promise that it will be used only for the specific purpose for which it was supplied.
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If you have any additional questions about the Card Games site's dedication to consumer privacy, please contact the webmaster at john@pagat.com.
My thanks to the many people who have made the development of this site possible by contributing descriptions of games and variations. They include:
Eric Aboagye, P.J.Ackerson, Itay Adler, Roberto Alberdi, Larry Alexander, Mark Alexander, Bob Allison, Hans-Joachim Alscher, Kelly Aman, Israel Ameh, Elena Anaya, Tim Arview, Sarah Ash, Faizal Asmal, Peter Azzi, Becky B, Jógvan Bærentsen, Jona Baily, Barbara Bain, Derek Bal, Ofer Ballin, Dennis J. Barmore, Wanda Bartholmai, Mark Bassett, Mary Beale, Matt Beeken, Lee Beiermann, Glen Benjamin, Co van Bennekom, Eric Betito, Jim Black, Tony Bleyer, Mike Block, Fritz Bockstege, Carol Bott, Jan Böttcher, Martin Bourgeois, Bruce Bowman, Mark Brader, David Brandt, Michel Braunwarth, Paul Brennan, Leo Broukhis, Duine Buile, Dan Burzo, Ben Butzer, Alan Byrne, Shandas C., Andre Caissie, Ben Callaghan, David Calvert, Gualberto Campos, Enric Capo, Danielle Carlson, Annalisa Cathomas, Joe Celko, Cesar, Gary Chan, Jason Chan, Jason Chang, Nicholas Cheung, Joe Childers, Jens Brix Christiansen, Reinhardt Christiansen, Stefano Cirolini, Rand Collins, Julien Colvin, Peter Conlon, Al Connor, John Conway, Megan Corino, Patrick Corr, Sefa Costa, Jean-Pierre Coulon, Adam Courtney, Cory Cregan, Maxence Crossley, Áron Csathó, Shiva Ctylyctyc, David Dailey, Matt Daligan, Donncha Daly, Sean Daly, John D'Ambrosio, Nicolas Darchis, Justin Davidson, Danielle Davis, Jim Davis, Mark Allen Davis, Michael Davis, David Dawson, Steve Dawson, Jeri Day, Debojyoti De, Carol DeFur, Thierry Depaulis, Ivan Derzhanski, Eduardo de Tello, Terry Detrie, Richard Dewhirst, Vlad Diaconu, Victoria Diemer, Gejus van Diggele, Du Jing Yu, Brad Duhon, Daniel Dunne, Jonathan Dushoff, Justin Eagle, Brent Easton, Robert Ebanks, Ed Eby, Pete Eccles, Bob Ekins, Yoni Elhanani, Nancy Emerson, Rodrigus Etienne, John Eveleigh, Virgilio Ferrari, David Fimble, Ellen Finkelstein, Claude Foley, Lutz Franke, Ann Fulton, Davorin Fundak, John Furlong, Bill Gardner, Paul Gareau, Richard Garfield, Jon Garibaldi, Dave George, Mathew George, Andrei Georgescu, Melanie Giedlin, Rick Gilbertson, Luis Fernando Gimnez, Joan C de Gispert, Mark Given, M Glatt, Dan Glimne, Sagi Goldman, Kishor Gordhandas, Brian Gordon, Gorgon, Jerry Gray, Scott Grengs, Cristian-Bogdan Grigore, Daniel Grimes, Kallen Group, Beth Grove, Jonny Groves, Jane Guarducci, Vincent Guerin, Serge Guilbert, Gatya Gumilang, Ben Hall, John Hanson, Sion Hanson, Suad Harms, Jim Harris, Michael Harris, Kim Hatch, Harold Hutabarat, Adam Hauerwas, John Hay, Kirsty Healey, Lydia Healey, Hank Hebhoe, David Heckel, Bob Heerdink, Sten Helmfrid, Fernando Hernandez Morondo, Maria Luisa Hernandez Ron, Ernie Heuer, Vincent Higginbotham Werner Hintze, David Hodgson, Carter Hoerr, Alan Holdsworth, Anita Hollister, Julia Holm, Ruurik Holm, Darren Holmes, Rachel Hooley, Anthony Horsley Sr, Chris Hovanic, Gheorghe Tapu Howarth, Hilary Howarth, Wei-Hwa Huang, Richard Hussong, Kris Huston, Theodore Hwa, Hernan A. Iannella, Raimo Ikonen, Cindy Ingels, Ivan Ip, Richard Irving, Leo Isen, Ali Jahanshiri, Joseph Jaureguy, David Jennings, Chris Jepson, Jesse, Marisa Johnson, Robert Jones, Warren Juenemann, Jun Chulmin, Ka Lun, Sylvia Kalisch, Bart Kampers, Anthony Kam, Craig Kaplan, Kassim Adewale, Jim Kennedy, Eric Kent, Sjaak Keyser, Miller Kim, Peter Kinoo, Robert Kissel, Tom Kochuyt, Roddy Kok, Tamás Korinek, Johanna Kristoffersen, Lorraine Kruger, Kuromiya Kimihiko, Bill Kushniryk, David Kuznick, Michael Labranche, Veikko Lähdesmäki, Denis Landry, Lennert Lanssens, Todd Latta, Vicky Lavoie, Chris Leblanc, Noel Leaver, Henry Lee, Belinda Lehmkuhle, Janet Levy, Eefje Limpt-Bogmans, Li Jin, Jared Long, Gavin Longmuir, Stephen Lowry, Kenneth Lu, Mike Lunney, Matthew Macfadyen, Jonathan Madden, Magnus, Charles Magri, Viken Mahserejian, Silviu Mara, Ania Marczyk, Paolo Marino, Constantin Marza, Leah Mathis, Toni Matni, John May, Sheryll May, Amir Mazuver, Brendan Mc carrick, Bruce McCosar, Les McDonald, Kit McKormick, Ray McNeil, Paul Medvit, Jon Melton, Michael Mihelakakis, Ben Miller, Nirmal Misra, Christian Moeller, Javed Mohammed, Monico Molinar, Thais Moncrief, Roberto Montesi, Stephen Moraco, Linda Moran, Adrian Morgan, Ian Morgan, Babak Mozaffari, T.D.Mullikin, Lee Murrah, Jane Muscato, Raj Nair, Stefan Nedelcu, Noam Nelke, Brent Nelson, Erik Nelson, Tomás Nemec, Richard Newman, Douglas Nitch, Tom Niwinski, Jonathan Norris, David Nugraha, Riza Purwo Nugroho, Zoran Obradovic, Stephan Ocker, Gina Odichukwumma, Henry Ogungbile, Thomas Olsson, Sam Oppenheim, Alan Orcutt, Juan Orgeira, Osiris Atom-Ra, Vivian Mari Ozalbo, Mike Paine, John Pannell, David Parlett, Allister Paterson, the Paulussen family, Spencer Pearson, Reuben Peeris, Scott Peslari, Greg Petras, Dave Petrie, Charles Petro, Nicholas Pfeiffenberger, Dave Phillips, Dmitriy Polovinkin, Ash Ponders, Steve Povey, Tahelia Powe, Craig Powers, Vinod Poyilath, Olga Prebushewski, Jamie Prestidge, William Priester Jr., David Przednowek, William Putt, Jun Qian, Rudy Quezada, Vinodh Rajaraman, Ben Rasmussen, Trevor Redmond, Mark Reed, Robert Reid, Gábor Révész, John Benton Rhodes, Barry Rigal, Ola Rinta-Koski, Marc Riou, Chris Roberts, Simon Roberts, Tony Roberts, Phill Rogers, Peter Rollinson, Brian Rollo, Dan Roth, Jerry Rubinow, Angela Ruisz, Mikko Saari, Olli Salmi, Michael Sanderson, Cleo Saulnier, Jakob Sauntved, Scott Sauri, Kim Scarborough, Matt Schmitt, Judd A. Schorr, Shirley Schwartz, Ralph Scotoni, Lorraine Seman, Günther Senst, Cristian Seres, Amber Sexton, David Shapp, Shay Shevach, Howard Ship, Tanya Shively, Rob Simons, Rana Pratap Singh, Adam Joshua Smargon, Bill Smead, Andrew Smith, Anthony Smith, Bonnie Smith, James Smith, Lindsey Smith, Don Smolen, James Sorhagen, Mary Sorum, Mark Spinelli, Reinhard Spode, Guy Srinivasan, Siddhartha Srivastava, Yash Srivastava, Mike Stabosz, Sherman Staffer, Doug Stein, Brett Stevens, Henry Stevens, Predrag Stojadinovic, David Stratful, Paul Stuurop, Gary Sullivan, Katie Sutton, Tomas Svoboda, Ken Swain, Nicholas Tallyn, Tan Thor Jen, Cathy Tavangarian, Alonso Tapia, Adam Taylor, Tom Tempelaere, Griffin Termalage, James Thomas, Toby Thomas, Stan Thompson, Justin Thurkettle, Mike Tobias, Kantaphon Tongmee, Tom Torfs, Alan Trangmar, Thanos Tsakonas, Turgay Unalan, Eduardo Valcarcel, Tom Valentine, Paolo Valentini, Eduardo Moitinho Vieira, Alexander Vissokomogilski, Keith Waclena, Howard L Wagner, Salah Wassef, Eddie Watkins, Bryan Weaver, Jeannine Webb, Nick Wedd, Paul J. Welty, Clive Whitear, Bill Whitnack, Harrie Wiering, Lucia Wilford, Jim Wilkin, Clark Williams, Dayton Williams, Stephen Williams, Andrew Williamson, John Williamson, Chris Winter, George Wittig, Michal Wojwoda, Jo Ann Wolff, Szu Kay Wong, Richie Wormald, Phil Wrench, David Wuori, Marek Wylon, Hwei Yin, Tony Young, Zbyszek Zdanowicz, Joel Zehr, Zefciu, Vladlen Zeniukov, Virginia Ziegler, Gyula Zsigri
I would also like to thank two people who have allowed me to use their hand-drawn images of playing cards to illustrate the site. They are Oliver Xymoron, who drew the international pattern cards, and Sefa Costa, who drew the Spanish cards.
Thanks also to the many others who have helped by supplying information, pointing out errors and omissions, providing links, etc.
Finally, special thanks for their encouragement and help to
Here is a collection of buttons, representing awards the site has received over the years, and various affiliations.
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Last updated 3rd April 2008
